Label the parts indicated S, T and U.

State the purpose of the fractionating column packed with glass beads.

Explain why fractional distillation is preferred to simple distillation for separating K and M.

K has the lower boiling point. Predict which component (K or M) is collected first and justify your answer.

Explain why, for two isomers of similar molar mass, a more highly branched isomer tends to distill first. Refer to intermolecular forces/volatility.

After collecting a fraction believed to be an alcohol, identify one diagnostic IR absorption that would confirm the presence of an –OH group and one that would distinguish an aldehyde/ketone by their C=O group. Give typical wavenumber ranges.