1. Framing global politics1.1 Stakeholders and actors0/01.1.1 States and Government Actors1.1.2 Intergovernmental Organizations and Formal Forums1.1.3 Civil Society, NGOs and Social Movements1.1.4 Private Actors, Companies and the Media1.1.5 Stakeholders without Political Agency1.2 Political systems: structures and dynamics0/01.2.1 Structures of Political Systems1.2.2 Dynamics of Political Systems1.2.3 Contextual Differences in Actor Power1.3 Legal frameworks, norms and institutions0/01.3.1 Rules and Norms in Political Interaction1.3.2 Institutions as Formal and Informal Structures1. Framing global politics1.1 Stakeholders and actors0/01.1.1 States and Government Actors1.1.2 Intergovernmental Organizations and Formal Forums1.1.3 Civil Society, NGOs and Social Movements1.1.4 Private Actors, Companies and the Media1.1.5 Stakeholders without Political Agency1.2 Political systems: structures and dynamics0/01.2.1 Structures of Political Systems1.2.2 Dynamics of Political Systems1.2.3 Contextual Differences in Actor Power1.3 Legal frameworks, norms and institutions0/01.3.1 Rules and Norms in Political Interaction1.3.2 Institutions as Formal and Informal Structures2. Power in global politics2.1 Definitions and understandings of power0/02.1.1 Defining Power in Global Politics2.1.2 Evaluating Thinkers on Power2.2 Hard, soft and smart power0/02.2.1 Hard Power and Coercion2.2.2 Soft Power and Persuasion2.2.3 Smart Power in Practice2.3 Structural and relational power0/02.3.1 Structural Power and Institutions2.3.2 Relational Power and Alliances2.4 Economic, political, social and cultural power0/02.4.1 Forms of Power across Society2.5 Power to, power over and power with0/02.5.1 Agency, Domination and Collective Power2.5.2 Comparing Classifications of Power2. Power in global politics2.1 Definitions and understandings of power0/02.1.1 Defining Power in Global Politics2.1.2 Evaluating Thinkers on Power2.2 Hard, soft and smart power0/02.2.1 Hard Power and Coercion2.2.2 Soft Power and Persuasion2.2.3 Smart Power in Practice2.3 Structural and relational power0/02.3.1 Structural Power and Institutions2.3.2 Relational Power and Alliances2.4 Economic, political, social and cultural power0/02.4.1 Forms of Power across Society2.5 Power to, power over and power with0/02.5.1 Agency, Domination and Collective Power2.5.2 Comparing Classifications of Power3. Sovereignty in global politicsPremium3.1 Traditional and modern state sovereignty0/03.1.1 Westphalian State Sovereignty3.1.2 Sovereignty, Force and Authority3.2 Sources of sovereignty0/03.2.1 International Law, Norms and Recognition3.2.2 Consent and Political Participation3.3 Internal and external dimensions of sovereignty0/03.3.1 Internal Sovereignty and Self-Government3.3.2 External Sovereignty and Recognition3.4 Challenges to state sovereignty0/03.4.1 Global Interdependence and Supranationality3.4.2 Non-State and Transnational Challenges3. Sovereignty in global politicsPremium3.1 Traditional and modern state sovereignty0/03.1.1 Westphalian State Sovereignty3.1.2 Sovereignty, Force and Authority3.2 Sources of sovereignty0/03.2.1 International Law, Norms and Recognition3.2.2 Consent and Political Participation3.3 Internal and external dimensions of sovereignty0/03.3.1 Internal Sovereignty and Self-Government3.3.2 External Sovereignty and Recognition3.4 Challenges to state sovereignty0/03.4.1 Global Interdependence and Supranationality3.4.2 Non-State and Transnational Challenges4. Legitimacy in global politicsPremium4.1 Sources of state and government legitimacy0/04.1.1 State Legitimacy and Government Legitimacy4.1.2 Historical, Ideological and National Sources4.1.3 Democratic Consent and Representation4.1.4 Performance, Welfare and Recognition4.2 Sovereignty and legitimacy0/04.2.1 Linking Sovereignty and Legitimacy4.3 Challenges to state and government legitimacy0/04.3.1 Internal and External Challenges4.3.2 Instability and Ineffective Governance4.3.3 Force, Oppression and Rights Violations4.4 Sources of legitimacy of non-state actors0/04.4.1 Representation and Social Interests4.4.2 Interaction, Ability and Efficacy4.5 Legitimation processes and loss of legitimacy0/04.5.1 Legitimacy as a Changing Condition4.5.2 Formal and Self-Legitimation Processes4.5.3 Organic Recognition and Delegitimation4. Legitimacy in global politicsPremium4.1 Sources of state and government legitimacy0/04.1.1 State Legitimacy and Government Legitimacy4.1.2 Historical, Ideological and National Sources4.1.3 Democratic Consent and Representation4.1.4 Performance, Welfare and Recognition4.2 Sovereignty and legitimacy0/04.2.1 Linking Sovereignty and Legitimacy4.3 Challenges to state and government legitimacy0/04.3.1 Internal and External Challenges4.3.2 Instability and Ineffective Governance4.3.3 Force, Oppression and Rights Violations4.4 Sources of legitimacy of non-state actors0/04.4.1 Representation and Social Interests4.4.2 Interaction, Ability and Efficacy4.5 Legitimation processes and loss of legitimacy0/04.5.1 Legitimacy as a Changing Condition4.5.2 Formal and Self-Legitimation Processes4.5.3 Organic Recognition and Delegitimation5. Interdependence in global politicsPremium5.1 Global governance and international law0/05.1.1 Government and Governance5.1.2 National and International Law5.1.3 Examples of Global Governance5.1.4 Sources of International Law5.2 The United Nations0/05.2.1 UN Structure and Charter5.2.2 General Assembly and Security Council5.2.3 UN Agencies, Committees and Programmes5.2.4 Achievements and Limitations of the UN5.3 Actors in global governance0/05.3.1 IGO and Non-State Actor Participation5.3.2 Regional and Specialized Organizations5.4 Cooperation and competition between political actors0/05.4.1 Treaties and Collective Security5.4.2 Strategic Alliances and Economic Cooperation5.4.3 Informal Cooperation and Networks5. Interdependence in global politicsPremium5.1 Global governance and international law0/05.1.1 Government and Governance5.1.2 National and International Law5.1.3 Examples of Global Governance5.1.4 Sources of International Law5.2 The United Nations0/05.2.1 UN Structure and Charter5.2.2 General Assembly and Security Council5.2.3 UN Agencies, Committees and Programmes5.2.4 Achievements and Limitations of the UN5.3 Actors in global governance0/05.3.1 IGO and Non-State Actor Participation5.3.2 Regional and Specialized Organizations5.4 Cooperation and competition between political actors0/05.4.1 Treaties and Collective Security5.4.2 Strategic Alliances and Economic Cooperation5.4.3 Informal Cooperation and Networks6. Theoretical perspectives in global politicsPremium6.1 Theories, models and analytical frameworks0/06.1.1 Diverse Theoretical Perspectives6.1.2 Uses of Theories and Models6.2 Applicability, bias and limitations0/06.2.1 Applying Theory to Political Issues6.2.2 Bias and Model Limitations6. Theoretical perspectives in global politicsPremium6.1 Theories, models and analytical frameworks0/06.1.1 Diverse Theoretical Perspectives6.1.2 Uses of Theories and Models6.2 Applicability, bias and limitations0/06.2.1 Applying Theory to Political Issues6.2.2 Bias and Model Limitations7. Rights and justice: contested meaningsPremium7.1 Rights, justice, liberty and equality0/07.1.1 Rights and Human Rights7.1.2 Justice in Political and Social Terms7.1.3 Liberty and Individual Freedom7.1.4 Equality and Equity7. Rights and justice: contested meaningsPremium7.1 Rights, justice, liberty and equality0/07.1.1 Rights and Human Rights7.1.2 Justice in Political and Social Terms7.1.3 Liberty and Individual Freedom7.1.4 Equality and Equity8. Rights and justice: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium8.1 State, intergovernmental and judicial actors0/08.1.1 States and National Governments8.1.2 International Rights Institutions8.1.3 Regional Human Rights Tribunals8.2 Civil society, affected groups and private actors0/08.2.1 Civil Society and Advocacy8.2.2 Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups8.2.3 Private Companies, Unions and Labour Rights8. Rights and justice: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium8.1 State, intergovernmental and judicial actors0/08.1.1 States and National Governments8.1.2 International Rights Institutions8.1.3 Regional Human Rights Tribunals8.2 Civil society, affected groups and private actors0/08.2.1 Civil Society and Advocacy8.2.2 Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups8.2.3 Private Companies, Unions and Labour Rights9. Rights and justice: nature, practice and studyPremium9.1 Codification, protection and monitoring0/09.1.1 Codifying Rights and Justice9.1.2 Protecting and Enforcing Rights9.2 Rights frameworks and world norms0/09.2.1 International and Regional Rights Frameworks9.2.2 Internationalization of Human Rights9.2.3 Responsibility to Protect9.3 Responses to violations and injustices0/09.3.1 Rights Violations and Perceived Injustices9.3.2 Examples of Rights Violations9.3.3 Discrimination, Speech and Terrorism Measures9. Rights and justice: nature, practice and studyPremium9.1 Codification, protection and monitoring0/09.1.1 Codifying Rights and Justice9.1.2 Protecting and Enforcing Rights9.2 Rights frameworks and world norms0/09.2.1 International and Regional Rights Frameworks9.2.2 Internationalization of Human Rights9.2.3 Responsibility to Protect9.3 Responses to violations and injustices0/09.3.1 Rights Violations and Perceived Injustices9.3.2 Examples of Rights Violations9.3.3 Discrimination, Speech and Terrorism Measures10. Rights and justice: debatesPremium10.1 Diverse standards and politicization0/010.1.1 Diverse Standards of Rights10.1.2 Politicization of Rights and Justice10.2 Individual and collective rights claims0/010.2.1 Labour and Indigenous Rights Claims10.2.2 Gender and Sexual Identity Rights10. Rights and justice: debatesPremium10.1 Diverse standards and politicization0/010.1.1 Diverse Standards of Rights10.1.2 Politicization of Rights and Justice10.2 Individual and collective rights claims0/010.2.1 Labour and Indigenous Rights Claims10.2.2 Gender and Sexual Identity Rights11. Development and sustainability: contested meaningsPremium11.1 Development, sustainability, poverty and inequality0/011.1.1 Meanings of Development11.1.2 Meanings of Sustainability11.1.3 Poverty as Opportunity and Resource Deprivation11.1.4 Inequality and Power Asymmetries11. Development and sustainability: contested meaningsPremium11.1 Development, sustainability, poverty and inequality0/011.1.1 Meanings of Development11.1.2 Meanings of Sustainability11.1.3 Poverty as Opportunity and Resource Deprivation11.1.4 Inequality and Power Asymmetries12. Development and sustainability: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium12.1 Governments and intergovernmental organizations0/012.1.1 State, National and Local Governments12.1.2 International Financial Institutions12.2 Civil society, affected groups and companies0/012.2.1 Civil Society and Grassroots Initiatives12.2.2 Marginalized and Structurally Affected Groups12.2.3 Transnational Companies and Trade Networks12. Development and sustainability: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium12.1 Governments and intergovernmental organizations0/012.1.1 State, National and Local Governments12.1.2 International Financial Institutions12.2 Civil society, affected groups and companies0/012.2.1 Civil Society and Grassroots Initiatives12.2.2 Marginalized and Structurally Affected Groups12.2.3 Transnational Companies and Trade Networks13. Development and sustainability: nature, practice and studyPremium13.1 Dimensions and assessment0/013.1.1 Multiple Dimensions of Development13.1.2 Multiple Dimensions of Sustainability13.1.3 Assessing Development and Sustainability13.2 Pathways and factors0/013.2.1 Political Factors in Development13.2.2 Economic Factors in Development13.2.3 Social Factors in Development13.2.4 Institutional Factors in Development13.2.5 Environmental Factors in Development13.3 Links between development and sustainability0/013.3.1 Connecting Development and Sustainability13. Development and sustainability: nature, practice and studyPremium13.1 Dimensions and assessment0/013.1.1 Multiple Dimensions of Development13.1.2 Multiple Dimensions of Sustainability13.1.3 Assessing Development and Sustainability13.2 Pathways and factors0/013.2.1 Political Factors in Development13.2.2 Economic Factors in Development13.2.3 Social Factors in Development13.2.4 Institutional Factors in Development13.2.5 Environmental Factors in Development13.3 Links between development and sustainability0/013.3.1 Connecting Development and Sustainability14. Development and sustainability: debatesPremium14.1 Globalization and sustainable development0/014.1.1 Globalization’s Impacts14.1.2 Sustainable Development and SDGs14.2 Alternative views on development and sustainability0/014.2.1 De-growth and Regenerative Approaches14. Development and sustainability: debatesPremium14.1 Globalization and sustainable development0/014.1.1 Globalization’s Impacts14.1.2 Sustainable Development and SDGs14.2 Alternative views on development and sustainability0/014.2.1 De-growth and Regenerative Approaches15. Peace and conflict: contested meaningsPremium15.1 Peace, conflict, violence and non-violence0/015.1.1 Positive and Negative Peace15.1.2 Latent and Overt Conflict15.1.3 Direct, Structural and Cultural Violence15.1.4 Non-Violence and Pacifism15. Peace and conflict: contested meaningsPremium15.1 Peace, conflict, violence and non-violence0/015.1.1 Positive and Negative Peace15.1.2 Latent and Overt Conflict15.1.3 Direct, Structural and Cultural Violence15.1.4 Non-Violence and Pacifism16. Peace and conflict: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium16.1 Parties, violent and non-violent actors0/016.1.1 Parties to Conflict16.1.2 State and Non-State Actors16.2 Third parties and affected groups0/016.2.1 Mediation, Negotiation and Intervention16.2.2 Intervention Tools and External Actors16.2.3 Non-Combatants and Affected Groups16. Peace and conflict: interactions of political stakeholders and actorsPremium16.1 Parties, violent and non-violent actors0/016.1.1 Parties to Conflict16.1.2 State and Non-State Actors16.2 Third parties and affected groups0/016.2.1 Mediation, Negotiation and Intervention16.2.2 Intervention Tools and External Actors16.2.3 Non-Combatants and Affected Groups17. Peace and conflict: nature, practice and studyPremium17.1 Conflict dynamics and causes0/017.1.1 Conflict Dynamics and Analytical Tools17.1.2 Identity, Ideology and Interests17.1.3 Greed, Grievance and Perception17.2 Types of conflict0/017.2.1 Inter-State and Intra-State Conflicts17.2.2 Non-State and Extra-State Conflicts17.3 Peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding0/017.3.1 Peacemaking through Negotiations and Treaties17.3.2 Peacekeeping in Practice17.3.3 Peacebuilding and Reconciliation17.3.4 Justice, Forgiveness and Empathy17. Peace and conflict: nature, practice and studyPremium17.1 Conflict dynamics and causes0/017.1.1 Conflict Dynamics and Analytical Tools17.1.2 Identity, Ideology and Interests17.1.3 Greed, Grievance and Perception17.2 Types of conflict0/017.2.1 Inter-State and Intra-State Conflicts17.2.2 Non-State and Extra-State Conflicts17.3 Peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding0/017.3.1 Peacemaking through Negotiations and Treaties17.3.2 Peacekeeping in Practice17.3.3 Peacebuilding and Reconciliation17.3.4 Justice, Forgiveness and Empathy18. Peace and conflict: debatesPremium18.1 Justifying violence and protest0/018.1.1 Justifications of Violence18.1.2 Violent and Non-Violent Protest18.1.3 Guerrilla Warfare, Terrorism and Genocide18.2 Peacebuilding effectiveness and security debates0/018.2.1 Effectiveness of Peacebuilding Efforts18.2.2 Arms Proliferation and Nuclear Deterrence18. Peace and conflict: debatesPremium18.1 Justifying violence and protest0/018.1.1 Justifications of Violence18.1.2 Violent and Non-Violent Protest18.1.3 Guerrilla Warfare, Terrorism and Genocide18.2 Peacebuilding effectiveness and security debates0/018.2.1 Effectiveness of Peacebuilding Efforts18.2.2 Arms Proliferation and Nuclear Deterrence